Quality Emerson Rosemount Pressure Transmitter & Yokogawa EJA Pressure Transmitter Factory

.gtr-container-sitrns1 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 15px; color: #0056b3; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; padding-bottom: 5px; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 .gtr-product-title { font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 20px; color: #003366; text-align: center; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 ul, .gtr-container-sitrns1 ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none !important; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 li { position: relative; padding-left: 25px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left !important; list-style: none !important; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 ul li::before { content: "•" !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0056b3; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 ol li { counter-increment: none; list-style: none !important; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 ol li::before { content: counter(list-item) "." !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0056b3; font-weight: bold; width: 20px; text-align: right; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 .gtr-table-wrapper { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 1em; min-width: 600px; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 th, .gtr-container-sitrns1 td { border: 1px solid #ccc !important; padding: 8px 12px !important; text-align: left !important; vertical-align: top !important; font-size: 14px; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 th { background-color: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bold; color: #333; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #f9f9f9; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-sitrns1 { padding: 25px; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 .gtr-product-title { font-size: 28px; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 20px; } .gtr-container-sitrns1 table { min-width: auto; } } Siemens SITRANS Probe LU Siemens SITRANS Probe LU is a two-wire loop powered ultrasonic transmitter designed specifically for industrial scenarios, capable of accurately measuring the liquid level, volume, and flow rate in storage tanks, process vessels, and open channels. Key Features Integrates an internal temperature sensor, which can compensate for temperature changes in real time. Adapts to various chemical environments such as ETFE and PVDF. Equipped with mature Sonic Intelligence ® Signal processing technology to effectively distinguish between real echoes and false echoes, ensuring measurement stability. Supports HART communication protocol and SIMATIC ® PDM software, compatible with various programming methods such as handheld programmers and PC debugging software, providing flexible and convenient operation. Technical Specifications Parameter Value Power Supply Rated 24V DC, supporting up to 30V DC Output 4-20mA analog signals Accuracy 0.125% of the range Nonlinear Error 6mm or 0.15% of the range (whichever is larger), covering hysteresis and non repeatability Measurement Range 0.25-6m and 0.25-12m (model dependent) Beam Angle 10 ° (-3dB boundary) Blind Spot Distance 0.25m Update Time ≤ 5s Display Multi segment alphanumeric LCD screen and bar chart Mechanical Structure & Environmental Conditions Process Connection: 2" NPT, BSP, G and other threaded interfaces, as well as 3" universal flange options. Shell Body Material: PBT. End Cap Material: Hard coated PEI. Protection Level: IP67/IP68, in compliance with NEMA 4X/6 standards. Working Environment Temperature: -40 to +80 ℃. Process Temperature: -40 to +85 ℃. Maximum Working Pressure: 0.5bar g. Maximum Altitude: 5000m. Certifications The equipment has passed multiple certifications such as CE, FM, CSA, ATEX, etc. The intrinsic safety model is suitable for hazardous areas and meets industrial safety regulations. Installation Guidelines Ensure that the surface of the transmitter is at least 300mm above the highest level. The sound path is perpendicular to the material surface. Avoid obstacles such as high-voltage cables, variable frequency motor controllers, and welding seams, hooks, and loops inside the container. The wiring adopts shielded twisted pair cables with wire specifications ranging from AWG 22 to AWG 14. The cables are connected to the corresponding terminals after passing through the gland, and the gland is tightened to ensure sealing. The torque of the cover plate screws is controlled between 1.1-1.7N-m. Certified safety barriers should be used for installation in hazardous areas, following corresponding wiring specifications. Dust and waterproof conduit seals should be used for outdoor installation. Operation Modes & Settings The device operation is divided into RUN mode and GRAM mode. After power on, it automatically enters RUN mode to detect the material level. GRAM mode can be activated through a handheld programmer or remote software for parameter configuration. The core settings include: Measurement mode selection (level, interval, distance). Response time adjustment. Measurement unit setting. Empty level and range calibration. The automatic false echo suppression function can be enabled through P837 and P838 parameters to ignore interference signals generated by obstacles. The parameter locking function can be achieved through the combination of P000 and P069 to prevent misoperation. The main station reset (P999) can restore user parameters to default settings (except for P000 and P069). Maintenance & Troubleshooting In terms of maintenance, the equipment does not require regular cleaning and maintenance. Troubleshooting can refer to the fault code prompts. Common problems include echo loss, power supply abnormalities, and invalid parameter configurations, which can be solved by checking the installation position, wiring status, calibration range, and other methods. If there is a hardware failure or parameter loss, it is necessary to contact authorized Siemens maintenance personnel for handling. Replacement components should use original factory parts to avoid affecting equipment safety and measurement accuracy. Applications The device is widely used in storage containers, mixing process containers, open channels and other scenarios. Supports volume calculation of various container shapes. Through 32 breakpoint parameters, the conversion between pressure head and flow rate can be achieved, meeting the measurement needs of different industrial processes. It is a reliable and comprehensive level measurement solution.

.gtr-container-7f8e9d { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-section-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: #0056b3; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-subtitle { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; color: #007bff; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d ul { list-style: none !important; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d ul li { position: relative; padding-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left !important; list-style: none !important; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d ul li::before { content: "•" !important; color: #0056b3; font-size: 1.2em; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; top: 0; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-contact-info { margin-top: 2em; padding-top: 1em; border-top: 1px solid #eee; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-contact-info p { margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-contact-info a { color: #007bff; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-contact-info a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-subsidiary-item { margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0 !important; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); text-align: left; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-subsidiary-item .gtr-subsidiary-name { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #0056b3; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-subsidiary-item p { margin-bottom: 0.3em; font-size: 14px; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-7f8e9d { padding: 30px; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-section-title { font-size: 20px; } .gtr-container-7f8e9d .gtr-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } } Company History & Global Presence On February 1, 1953, Swiss engineer Georg H. Enders and German banker Ludwig Hauser co founded L. Hauser in the city of Lahr, Germany - the predecessor of the renowned Enders Hauser Group in the field of industrial automation. In the start-up stage, the office space of a company is nothing more than a small house transformed from a bedroom, typical of the "garage entrepreneurship" model, and the main business is to act as an agent to sell a new capacitive level sensor originating from the UK. This innovative product quickly opened up the market and received a good response once it was launched. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the two founders decisively laid out independent production and started building an exclusive manufacturing system. With the gradual improvement of the production and sales system, the company's sales have continued to rise, and its business scope has gradually expanded from the initial focus on the southern region of Germany to the entire German mainland and even surrounding countries. At the same time, the company's product line continues to enrich, and on the basis of capacitive level sensors, it has begun to explore other level sensing products with various measurement principles, laying a solid foundation for future diversified development. In 1953, G.H. Enders and L. Hauser established a production center for level and pressure instruments in Switzerland. In 1960, it moved to M ö rg, Germany and later developed into the world's largest level instrument base. Relying on research and development investment, quality control, and talent cultivation, the company gradually expanded into measurement fields such as flow and temperature, with sales and services covering Western Europe. In the 1970s, overseas offices were established in the United States and Japan. In the 1980s, the company deeply cultivated microelectronics technology and established advantages, closely following the transformation of automation from "signal oriented" to "information oriented", participated in the research and development of fieldbus protocols, and became one of the leaders in this field.       In 1995, Dr. H.C. Georg H. Endress, aged 71, transferred the management of the company to his second son Klaus Endress, who had previously served as the Chief Executive Officer. Founded in 1953, Endhaus (E+H) is a global group company headquartered in Switzerland, with 19 production centers in multiple countries including Switzerland, Germany, and China. All products in the series have passed ISO9000 quality certification, and there are nearly 90 sales centers worldwide to provide convenient services to users. E+H is one of the global leaders in industrial process control measurement instruments and solutions, focusing on multiple fields such as flow, level, pressure, analysis, temperature, etc., providing automation solutions covering data acquisition, communication, and process optimization, serving many industries such as chemical, food and beverage, life sciences, power energy, oil and gas, water treatment, etc. Endershause (China) Automation Co., Ltd. Endershause (China) Automation Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of E+H Group in China, headquartered in Shanghai and with a production factory in Suzhou. It has 13 offices and provides one-stop services for domestic users, including product sales, technical consulting, on-site services, and training. Specialized Production Subsidiaries in Suzhou Industrial Park: Endress Hauser Flow Meter Technology (China) Co., Ltd. Founded in 2002, with a total investment of 45 million US dollars and a factory and office area of 15000 square meters, specializing in the production of high-precision flow meters. Level Pressure Instrument Technology (China) Co., Ltd. Covers an area of 22000 square meters, with a first phase factory of 7850 square meters. The company mainly produces tuning fork level switches, radar level gauges, pressure transmitters, and other products. Analytical Instruments (China) Co., Ltd. Established in 2005, has a factory area of 1200 square meters and specializes in producing high-end industrial online water analysis instruments. Temperature Instruments (China) Co., Ltd. Established in 2006, has a total investment of 3 million US dollars and a factory area of 1320 square meters, specializing in high-end thermometers and temperature transmitters. Product Categories The following is an introduction to some products: Flow measurement Material level measurement Pressure measurement Temperature measurement Contact Us If you want to know more, you can add the following Whatsapp for consultation, or call contact +86 17779850992 official account, official website http://ainstru.com/ There is also more content to view.

.gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e p { margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left; font-size: 14px; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e .gtr-section-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: #0056b3; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e .gtr-main-title { font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1.5em; color: #003366; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul { list-style: none !important; padding-left: 20px !important; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul li { position: relative !important; padding-left: 20px !important; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul.gtr-bullet-list li::before { content: "•" !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0056b3; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul.gtr-numbered-list { counter-reset: list-item; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul.gtr-numbered-list li::before { content: counter(list-item) "." !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0056b3; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1; width: 18px; text-align: right; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul.gtr-numbered-list ul.gtr-numbered-list { padding-left: 40px !important; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e ul.gtr-numbered-list ul.gtr-numbered-list li::before { content: counter(list-item) "." !important; left: 20px !important; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e .gtr-formula { font-family: "Courier New", monospace; background-color: #f0f8ff; padding: 8px 12px; border-left: 3px solid #0056b3; margin: 1em 0; display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e .gtr-key-term { font-weight: bold; color: #003366; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e { padding: 24px 40px; max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e .gtr-main-title { font-size: 24px; } .gtr-container-fmu42-7c9d2e .gtr-section-title { font-size: 20px; } } Ultrasonic Level Gauge FMU42 Overview Today we will introduce an ultrasonic level gauge FMU42 that can be used for level and flow measurement. Below is its display diagram. Working Principle Its working principle is that the ultrasonic sensor emits high-frequency pulse sound waves, which reflect when encountering an object. The sensor can obtain the distance based on the time difference between the emitted and received reflected waves, and convert it into a current between 4-20mA for output. It is worth noting that the instrument cannot be in contact with it when measuring the level. The sensor emits ultrasonic pulse signals towards the surface of the liquid. The ultrasonic pulse signal is reflected on the surface of the medium, and the reflected signal is received by the sensor. The device measures the time difference t between sending and receiving pulse signals. Based on the time difference t (and acoustic velocity c), the device calculates the distance between the sensor diaphragm and the surface of the medium, D: D=c ⋅ t/2, and calculates the liquid level L through the distance D. By using the linearization function, the volume V or mass M can be calculated from the liquid level L. The user inputs a known blank distance (E), and the calculation formula for the liquid level (L) is as follows: L=E - D. The built-in temperature sensor (NTC) compensates for the sound velocity changes caused by temperature changes. Key Terminology SD safety distance BD blind zone distance E empty standard distance L liquid level D sensor diaphragm to medium surface distance F range (full standard distance) Measurement System Components The following is a schematic diagram of its measurement system: PLC (programmable logic controller) Commubox FXA195 computer, installed with debugging software (such as FieldCare) Commubox FXA291, with ToF adapter FXA291 equipment, such as Prosonic Field Xpert VIATOR Bluetooth modem, with connecting cable connectors: Commubox or Field Xpert transmitter power supply unit (built-in communication resistor) Installation Guidelines The following is a schematic diagram of installation conditions: distance from the tank wall: ¹⁄₆ 2 of the container diameter, installation of protective cover; Avoid direct exposure of instruments to sunlight and rain It is prohibited to install the sensor in the center of the tank. Avoid measuring in the feeding area. It is prohibited to install limit switches or temperature sensors within the beam angle range. Internal devices with symmetrical structures, such as heating coils, baffles, etc., will interfere with the measurement. Installation precautions for sensors perpendicular to the surface of the medium: Only one device should be installed on the same tank. Install the measuring device on the upstream side, with the installation height as high as possible above the highest liquid level Hmax, The installation of the short tube insertion end adopts an angled inclined socket. The installation position of the measuring equipment must be high enough to ensure that the material will not enter the blind spot distance even when it is at the highest level. Installation Examples The following figure is an example of installation. A uses a universal flange for installation. B uses an installation bracket, which is generally used in non explosion proof areas. Instrument Fixing Steps Complete the following steps to fix the instrument Loosen the fixing screws. Rotate the casing to the desired position, with a maximum rotation angle of 350 °. Tighten the fixing screws to a maximum torque of 0.5 Nm (0.36 lbf ft). Tighten the fixing screws; Use metal specific adhesive. The above is its basic introduction

.gtr-container-d4f7h9 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } .gtr-container-d4f7h9 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-d4f7h9 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 12px; color: #0056b3; text-align: left !important; } .gtr-container-d4f7h9 .gtr-main-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 16px; color: #003366; text-align: left !important; } .gtr-container-d4f7h9 .gtr-content-block { margin-bottom: 20px; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-d4f7h9 { padding: 24px; max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; } .gtr-container-d4f7h9 .gtr-section-title { margin-top: 32px; margin-bottom: 16px; } } CUS52D Digital Sensor Overview CUS52D is a digital sensor used for measuring turbidity and particulate matter concentration in drinking water and process water.image Measurement Principle The measurement principle is that the sensor operates based on the 90 ° scattered light principle, complies with the ISO 7027 standard, and meets all the requirements of this standard. The ISO 7027 standard is a mandatory standard for turbidity measurement in the drinking water industry.imageWhen there is a deviation, the transmitter will trigger an error alarm Complete Measurement System A complete measurement system, including a transmitter, sensors, and the option to choose whether to equip a bracket according to requirements.image Sensor Structure Sensor structureimage1 is the light receiver, and 2 is the light source. Calibration When conducting factory calibration, each CUS52D sensor uses a dedicated Calkit solid-state calibration module. Therefore, the Calkit solid-state calibration module is matched (paired) with specific sensors one by one.Users can use CUY52 calibration container to quickly and reliably calibrate sensors. By creating reproducible basic operating conditions (such as containers with minimal backscattering, shields that block interfering light sources), it is easy to adapt to the current measurement point. There are two different types of calibration containers that can be used to fill calibration solutions (such as formalin) Memosens Digital Sensors Memosens digital sensors must be connected to Memosens digital transmitters for use. The analog sensor cannot transmit to the transmitter normallyMemosens digital sensors store calibration parameters, operating time, and other information through built-in electronic components. By connecting to a transmitter, the parameters can be automatically transmitted for measurement and calculation. It supports offline calibration, quick replacement, pre maintenance planning, and historical data archiving, thereby improving measurement quality and equipment availability. Electrical Connection There are two ways of electrical connection: 1. M12 plug connection, 2. Sensor cable directly connected to the input signal terminal of the transmitter Working Parameters & Error The working temperature is generally 20 ℃, and the maximum measurement error is: turbidity is 2% of the measured value or 0.01 FNU, and solid content is less than 5% of the measured value or 1% of the maximum range. The measurement error does not include the error of the standard solution itself. When measuring the solid content, try to make the medium distribution relatively uniform, otherwise it will cause fluctuations in the measurement value and increase the measurement error. Installation Guidelines Install instanceSensors should be installed in locations with stable fluid conditions, preferably in pipelines where the medium flows vertically upwards, or in horizontal pipelines; It is strictly prohibited to install in locations where gas accumulation, bubbles, or deposition are likely to occur, and to avoid installing in pipelines where the medium flows vertically downwards. It is also prohibited to install fittings behind the pressure reducing pipe section to prevent degassing.   Environmental Specifications The ambient temperature range is between -20... 60 ℃, and the storage temperature is between -20... 70 ℃. The highest protection level can reach IP68, and the temperature range of stainless steel sensors is between -20... 85 ℃. If it is plastic, the highest temperature will be lower.

.gtr-container-p9q2r1 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: #333; width: 100%; max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ol, .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none !important; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ol { counter-reset: list-item; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ol > li { position: relative; padding-left: 35px; margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ol > li::before { content: counter(list-item) "." !important; /* Per instructions, counter-increment is forbidden, so the counter will not increment. */ position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; font-weight: bold; color: #0056b3; width: 25px; text-align: right; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ul > li { position: relative; padding-left: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 ul > li::before { content: "•" !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0056b3; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; top: 0.2em; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 .gtr-heading-level1 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; color: #0056b3; display: inline; } .gtr-container-p9q2r1 strong { font-weight: bold; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-p9q2r1 { padding: 30px; } } Explosion proof mark (Ex) is a universal mark indicating that the equipment has passed explosion-proof certification and is suitable for environments where explosive gases may be present. Explosion proof form (1) Explosion proof type (d): The equipment has a sturdy shell that can withstand internal explosion pressure and prevent internal explosions from spreading to the surrounding area, such as motors in chemical factories. Divided into da, db, and dc, corresponding to different device protection levels. (2) Increased safety type (e): Designed to reduce the possibility of ignition and used in safer explosive environments, such as some lighting fixtures. (3) Intrinsic safety type (i): prevents ignition by limiting circuit energy, suitable for more hazardous environments. Divided into IA, IB, and IC, IA can be used for Zone 0 (continuous presence of explosive gases). (4) Positive pressure type (p): Maintain positive pressure inside the equipment to prevent external explosive gases from entering, such as some large electrical installations. (5) Oil immersed type (o): Immerse the equipment in oil to prevent internal components from coming into contact with external explosive substances and causing ignition. (6) Encapsulation type (m): Encapsulate the equipment in resin to isolate potential ignition sources inside. Equipment category (1) Class I: Used for underground (methane) gas equipment in coal mines. (2) Class II: Suitable for explosive gas environments other than underground coal mines, divided into IIA, IIB, and IIC. IIC can be used in IIA and IIB environments, with the highest level of danger. (3) Class III: Used in explosive dust environments other than coal mines, divided into IIIA (combustible fly ash), IIIB (non-conductive dust), and IIIC (conductive dust). The temperature group (T1-T6) represents the highest temperature level that the surface of the equipment may reach during normal operation. T1 (maximum 450 ℃) - T6 (maximum 85 ℃), the higher the temperature group, the lower the allowed maximum surface temperature, and the safer it is in hazardous environments. It is necessary to ensure that the equipment temperature group is lower than the ignition temperature of surrounding explosive gases. Equipment Protection Level (EPL) (1) Explosive Gas Environment: Ga ("very high" protection level, not an ignition source in normal, expected, or rare faults); Gb ("high" protection level, not the ignition source during normal and expected failures); Gc ("General" protection level, not the ignition source during normal operation). (2) Explosive dust environment: Da ("very high" protection level); Db ("high" protection level); Dc ("General" protection level).

Comprehensive Analysis of Core Parameters of Water Quality Analyzers: Understanding the Significance Behind Indicators such as pH, ORP, and Conductivity Water quality safety is a critical issue for environmental protection and human health. Water quality analyzers provide a scientific basis for water quality assessment through the detection of multiple key parameters. This article deeply analyzes the meanings and application scenarios of core parameters in water quality analyzers, including pH, ORP, conductivity, residual chlorine, total chlorine, DO, and COD. 1. pH Value: The Acid-Base Scale of Water Bodies Definition: The pH value reflects the acid-base balance of water bodies, ranging from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly alkaline), with 7 being neutral.Significance: Drinking Water Standards: 6.5–8.5. Excessive or insufficient pH can inhibit microbial activity and affect the water's self-purification capacity. Industrial Applications: For example, pH must be controlled in boiler water to prevent corrosion, and adjusting pH in wastewater treatment can optimize reaction efficiency. 2. ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential): An Indicator of Water Oxidizing Capacity Definition: ORP is measured in millivolts (mV) and evaluates the oxidizing or reducing properties of water. Higher positive potentials indicate stronger oxidizing capacity.Application Scenarios: Disinfection Effect Monitoring: During residual chlorine disinfection, the ORP value must exceed 650 mV to ensure sterilization efficacy. Ecological Assessment: A decrease in ORP in natural water bodies may indicate organic pollution or intensified microbial activity. Electrode Selection: Platinum electrodes are ideal for ORP measurement due to their strong corrosion resistance and fast response. 3. Conductivity: A "Barometer" for Dissolved Salts Definition: Conductivity reflects the total ionic content in water, measured in μS/cm. Pure water has extremely low conductivity, while higher salt content leads to higher values.Functions: Water Quality Classification: Differentiates seawater (high conductivity), drinking water (medium-low conductivity), and ultrapure water (close to 0). Pollution Warning: A sudden increase in conductivity may signal industrial wastewater or salt leakage pollution. 4. Residual Chlorine and Total Chlorine: Dual Safeguards for Disinfection Efficiency Residual Chlorine: Free active chlorine (such as hypochlorous acid) in water, directly determining sustained bactericidal capacity. The standard limit for drinking water is 0.3–4 mg/L. Total Chlorine: Includes free chlorine and combined chlorine (such as chloramines), used to assess whether the total disinfectant dosage meets standards. 5. DO (Dissolved Oxygen): The "Lifeblood" of Aquatic Ecosystems Definition: The amount of dissolved oxygen in water, measured in mg/L, affected by factors such as temperature and salinity.Ecological Significance: Aquatic Organism Survival: When DO is below 2 mg/L, fish may suffocate and die. Pollution Indicator: A sharp drop in DO often accompanies organic pollution (such as increased COD), leading to intensified oxygen consumption. 6. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand): An "Alarm" for Organic Pollution Definition: An indicator measuring water pollution by organic matter—the higher the value, the more severe the pollution.Risks: Oxygen Depletion: High COD causes water hypoxia and disrupts ecological balance. Health Risks: Enriched through the food chain, it may trigger chronic poisoning in humans. Conclusion: Comprehensive Monitoring Through Multi-Parameter Linkage Modern water quality analyzers often integrate multi-parameter detection functions. Through cross-analysis of data such as pH, ORP, and conductivity, they can comprehensively assess water quality and health status.

A. Core Selection Parameters 1. Measurement Type Gauge Pressure: For conventional industrial scenarios (referenced to atmospheric pressure). Absolute Pressure: For vacuum or sealed systems (referenced to vacuum zero point). Differential Pressure: For flow and liquid level monitoring (e.g., orifice plate flowmeters). 2. Range Best Practice: Conventional operating pressure should account for 50%–70% of the range (e.g., select a 0–16 bar range for an actual pressure of 10 bar). Overload Capacity: Reserve a 1.5× safety margin (e.g., select a 0–25 MPa range for a peak pressure of 24 bar). 3. Accuracy Class General Scenarios: ±0.5% FS (e.g., process control). High-Precision Requirements: ±0.1%–0.25% FS (e.g., laboratories or energy metering). 4. Process Connections Threaded Type: 1/2"NPT, G1/2, M20×1.5 (for medium-low pressure scenarios). Flange Type: DN50/PN16 (for high-pressure or corrosive media). 5. Medium Compatibility Contact Materials: General Media: 316L stainless steel diaphragm. Strongly Corrosive Media: Hastelloy C276, tantalum diaphragm. Sealing Materials: Fluororubber (≤120℃), polytetrafluoroethylene (acid/alkali resistant). B. Environmental and Signal Requirements 1. Output Signals Analog Type: 4–20mA + HART (compatible with most PLC/DCS systems). Digital Type: RS485 Modbus, PROFIBUS PA (requires matching control system protocols). 2. Power Supply Standard: 24VDC (two-wire loop power supply). Special: 12–36VDC wide voltage (for vehicle-mounted or unstable power grids). 3. Protection and Certifications Protection Rating: IP65 (dust/waterproof for outdoor use), IP68 (submersible conditions). Explosion-Proof Certification: Ex d IIC T6 (for flammable and explosive environments). Industry Certifications: SIL2/3 (safety instrument systems), CE/ATEX (EU mandatory). C. Scenario-Based Selection Recommendations 1. Liquid Pressure Measurement (e.g., Water Treatment) Selection Key Points: Flat diaphragm structure (anti-clogging). Optional flush ring design (to handle impurities) Range covers static pressure + dynamic pressure peaks 2. Gas Pressure Monitoring (e.g., Compressed Air) Selection Key Points: Built-in damping adjustment (to suppress pulsation interference) Optional absolute pressure type (to avoid impacts from atmospheric pressure fluctuations) 3. High-Temperature Media (e.g., Steam) Selection Key Points: Diaphragm materials with temperature resistance ≥200℃ (e.g., ceramic) Install radiators or capillary extensions d. Pitfalls to Avoid 1. Range Misconceptions Avoid selecting an excessively large or small range: An overly large range reduces accuracy, while an undersized range is prone to overpressure damage. 2. Medium Compatibility For strongly corrosive media (e.g., chlorine gas, concentrated sulfuric acid), must verify diaphragm materials with reference to the 

The LNG company was interested in exploring maintenance strategy optimization as a means to accomplish their business objectives, such as reducing risk, improving production, and as a result, achieving better cost-effectiveness. Additionally, the company was experiencing new failure modes in their turbines, pumps, and fin fans, causing equipment failures and threatening unplanned shutdowns. Lacking the internal resources to complete the review, the company engaged ARMS Reliability to conduct a large-scale, two-part study – one part focused on Reliability Centered Maintenance and the other focused on Preventive Maintenance Optimization – to help them improve asset reliability. The company wanted ARMS to: help reduce the business’ costs and risks by optimizing their asset-management strategies; create maintenance strategies for their valves; deliver new strategies as computerized maintenance management system [CMMS] load sheets; identify flaws and defects within the existing preventive maintenance programs for turbines, pumps, and fin fans; determine new possible failure modes for this equipment; and update the organization's existing strategies for cost-effectiveness. ARMS Reliability's objectives for the study included: reducing the number of corrective work orders optimizing total work hours required to maintain equipment improving reliability performance for key assets optimizing maintenance strategies for high-priority systems Solutions The client chose ARMS Reliability based upon its technical expertise and proven experience optimizing maintenance strategies on projects in the oil & gas and petrochemical industries. ARMS’ solutions for maintenance-task development have been demonstrated to be 2-6x more efficient than traditional approaches, and ensure operating context is considered in failure-mode mitigation. Image       STUDY 1: Reliability-Centered Maintenance To begin the RCM study, ARMS Reliability gathered information about the company’s existing asset-maintenance strategies for their Waste Water, Heat Exchanger, and Fired Heater systems, including spares, routines, and resources.   Working with the company’s experienced site planners, engineers, and technicians, the ARMS team identified critical assets based upon their necessity to business delivery, as well as the equipment already aligned with the organization’s process safety, environmental, and production performance objectives.   Using this data, ARMS developed various strategy models, including options for valve maintenance, and simulated and optimized high-risk failure modes. Once optimized tasks were defined, they were grouped into logical job plans and preventive maintenance programs, which were presented to the company in the required format for loading to their Maximo CMMS.   The ARMS team ran comparisons of three different strategic scenarios – run-to-failure, as-is, and optimized – and plotted the results from each strategy to illustrate the benefits of proper maintenance and optimized strategies. This simulation-based analysis also enabled forecasts to be generated, such as labor profiles, maintenance budgets, and spare usage. ARMS applied RCM methodology using simulation software to balance the cost of business risk with the cost of maintenance performance, ensuring the most cost-effective and risk-optimized maintenance strategy.   Ultimately, ARMS optimized 20% of the company’s highest-cost failures, demonstrating to the company exactly where and to what degree they were over-maintaining their assets, as well as how to improve their maintenance strategies so that the company attains the lowest costs of business risk and maintenance performance.   STUDY 2: Preventive-Maintenance Optimization For its PMO study, ARMS Reliability applied PMO methodology to determine defects and flaws in the existing preventive maintenance [PM] program for the company’s turbines, pumps, and fin fans. ARMS also sought to find new possible failure modes for each type of equipment, as unexpected failure modes kept appearing, causing failures and threatening shutdowns.   The ARMS team reviewed all the corrective data from the company’s Maximo CMMS in order to generate new or improve existing PM tasks. The result was the identification of new failure modes, which will later be used to develop a set of new maintenance-task recommendations for the business’ existing PM program.   Benefits   Serious Cost Savings ARMS’ Reliability-Centered Maintenance study resulted in $135 million in cost savings over the next decade for the company, – including spares, labor, and financial effects, as well as the implementation of recommended PM tasks for the valves in each system: $115 million in potential savings for the Waste Water System, a 59% cost cut $11 million in savings for the Fired Heaters System, a 52% cost cut $9 million in savings for the Heat Exchanger System, a 54% cost cut. Asset Failure Protection Through its Preventive-Maintenance Optimization study, ARMS identified 265 potential equipment failure modes – 144 for fin fans, 105 for turbines, and 16 for pumps. The ARMS team then provided a list of new or improved preventive-maintenance tasks designed to help the company avoid asset failures and unplanned shutdowns.   Improved Maintenance Approach Using ARMS Reliability’s asset strategy management approach, the company now knows where to focus cost-reduction efforts, including areas where they had been over-maintaining. They now have the information to conduct the proper maintenance tasks at the correct intervals – as well as the understanding of why they should perform maintenance this way. This helps shift onsite personnel mindset to a more proactive, reliability-centered approach.

Guided wave radar is the ideal technology to measure level in liquids or bulk solids across a number of industries in a variety of process conditions. These sensors are unaffected by changing pressure, temperature, or a product’s specific gravity. And unlike other technologies, foam, dust, and vapor will not trigger inaccurate readings or errors, either. Guided wave radar provides accurate, reliable level measurement without ongoing maintenance or recalibration. And with no moving parts, it’s the ideal solution for retrofitting mechanical technology.   How it works Guided wave radar level measurement comes from time domain reflectometry. This technology has allowed people to find breaks in underground or in-wall cables for decades. It works like this: a low amplitude, high-frequency microwavepulse is sent into a transmission line or cable, and the device calculates distance by measuring the time it takes for the pulse to reach the break in the line and return. The same principle applies for a guided wave radar sensor. A probe is mounted onto the tank, vessel, or pipe where a measurement is needed. A microwave pulse is “guided” downward by the probe where a portion of the pulse will be reflected by the solid or liquid material being held in the tank. The amount of time it takes for the pulse to be transmitted and returned determines the level inside the vessel being measured. Conductive materials reflect a large proportion of the transmitted energy while non-conductive materials reflect a small portion. The reflective properties of what’s being measured can determine the effectiveness of this type of measurement. Since its invention, guided wave radar has been used to measure level in industries ranging from food and beverage to chemical and refining.   Types of probes Guided wave radars use a number of different probes to make their measurements. Each different probe has its own purpose and advantages. Some are better for making measurements in liquids or solids. Others work better with lower reflectivity materials, thick foam, excessive buildup, or corrosive and abrasive materials. These probes commonly come in customizable lengths, so finding the right length for differently sized vessels is relatively easy. Advantages Setup and configuration for guided wave radars are about as simple as they come. VEGA guided wave radars are ready out of the box, configured at the factory for the probe’s operating span. Users only need to install the sensor and go through the guided setup procedure to begin receiving accurate measurements within 2 mm. Guided wave radars need no additional calibration. Other technologies require users to empty the tank to show the sensor different levels like 0%, 50%, and 100%. This can be time consuming and expensive. Lastly, guided wave radar has no moving parts. Pressure sensors, floats, and displacers all have mechanical parts that can wear out, which means additional maintenance and another calibration. All of this means less time and money spent on setup, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Unlike other sensors, guided wave radar feels right at home in tight spaces like pipes, stilling wells, small chambers, and bypass tubes. The very nature of their guided signal allows an accurate measurement where other sensors cannot go. These sensors can measure in a number of process conditions and still make accurate measurements regardless of the environment. This means guided wave radar sensors won’t fail with changes in temperature, pressure, or specific gravity. These sensors are also immune to dust, excessive foam, buildup, and noise, making them an ideal sensor across a number of industries. Guided wave radar is also the ideal choice for measuring interface simply because of how it works. The emitted microwave pulses are constantly traveling down and up the length of the probe. Most of the energy bounces back near the surface of what is being measured, and a level is calculated. Since the remaining energy continues to flow down the probe and through the liquid, the sensor will receive a second level reading, giving the user a measurement of the interface point. All that’s needed is an additional calculation for the amount of time it takes for a pulse to travel through the different liquids.

Aggressive media, explosion hazard, and extremely strict safety requirements – the chemical industry does not allow quality deficits. VEGA offers world-class measurement technology for level and pressure. When it comes to explosion protection, safety and security, this technology makes no compromises       Explosion protection: Reliable measurement in all zones Explosive gases or dust-air mixtures can arise in almost any plant in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry. Whether ATEX, IECEx or FM and CSA: VEGA transmitters are available with various types of ignition protection for all Ex zones and with almost all explosion protection certificateSafety: High process safety up to SIL3 VEGA transmitters are certified in compliance with SIL2. SIL3 can also be achieved with a redundant configuration. This makes it especially easy to integrate the transmitters into safety-relevant automation systems without extensive changes or adaptations. Cyber Security: OT Security by Design In the chemical industry, cyber threats are now also reaching transmitters at the field level. VEGA counters these threats with technical measures, security standards and a targeted development strategy. Secure communication, development processes in accordance with IEC 62443, encrypted data transmission and authentication ensure the greatest possible cyber securit Second Line of Defense: A new level of safety Safe processes require dependable measurement data. VEGA’s “Second Line of Defense” secures chemical processes by means of an additional gas-tight separating element between the electronics compartment and the sensing element. Even in the event of a leak, hazardous substances remain in the process itself and the electronics remain intact to detect the leak.